Effect of Thyroid Disorders on the Adult Female Albino Rats (Histological and Histochemical Study)

The ovary is an endocrine and exocrine gland that plays primary role in female development and reproductive activities. The proper function of the ovary is influenced by other endocrine glands like the thyroid gland, which is one of the most important endocrine glands of the body that affects many cells all over it .This work is designed to focus on the histological and histochemical changes in adult female albino rat`s ovary that happened due to thyroid gland disorders. Forty five adult female albino rats were used in this study. The rats were isolated from male rat for a month before starting the experiment then they are classified into three groups: control group, taken 0.5 ml physiologic saline orally for three months, hypothyroid group, they were taken carbimazol at a dose of 12 mg / kg B.wt. orally for 3 months, hyperthyroid group, they were taken eltroxin at a dose of 100-ug/ kg. B.wt.. Blood samples were taken for assay of serum T3 and T4. Ovaries were fixed in 10% formol saline and paraffin sections were prepared and stained by different stains: Heamatoxylin and Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff`s reaction, Methyl green pyronine and Masson `s trichrome .The result of the control rats showed the well-known histological pictures and histochemical reactions. The hypothyroid group showed an increased ovarian activity as an increase in the surface epithelial cells, excessive amount of collagen fibers, an increase in the amount of CHO materials and in DNA and RNA content. Regarding the hyperthyroid group there was degenerative changes in the ovarian follicles, decrease amount of collagen fibers and decrease in the amount of CHO materials in the ovarian follicles. The association between ovarian diseases and thyroid gland disorders deserves further attention as normal reproductive function needs approximately normal thyroid secretion.